Shamayita Acharya

By Elvira Pollina MILAN (Reuters) - Telecom Italia (TIM) and Italian State lender CDP approved a preliminary agreement on Monday to create a national ultrafast grid operator combining the former phone monopoly's network assets with those of smaller rival Open Fiber. The creation of the new network operator, promoted by the government, is designed to help Italy close its digital divide with other European countries. As a first step, TIM approved on Monday the sale of a 37.5% stake of a new unit to U.S. investment firm KKR. TIM is transferring into the unit its last-mile network going from street cabinets to customers' homes. Swisscom's Fastweb will own 4.5% of the new company, called FiberCop, which will work to switch TIM's last-mile mainly copper grid to fiber. ... Read More on Datafloq

By Lisa Pauline Mattackal (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump's restrictions on China's Huawei Technologies Co Ltd have sparked widespread stockpiling of unsold product across the chip industry, and Washington's proposed aid to bolster the sector falls far short of what is needed to fill the gap, an analyst told Reuters. "Under the surface, there's been lots of inventory build-up," Dan Hutcheson, chief executive officer of VLSI Research, told the Reuters Global Markets Forum on Monday. "We're seeing integrated circuit inventory levels that are more typical in front of a downturn." The Trump administration tightened restrictions on Huawei earlier in August, banning suppliers from selling chips made using U.S. technology to the Chinese telecom giant without a special license. Amid ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Microsoft Corp and Walmart Inc are together bidding for TikTok's U.S. assets, competing with Oracle Corp for a piece of the popular short-video app. The companies have signed a five-year cloud computing deal, invested to expand into newer regions and collaborated on other projects. Here is a rundown of Microsoft and Walmart's past alliances and connections: 2019 ** Walmart appointed Suresh Kumar as its chief technology officer. Kumar previously held positions with tech giants such as Alphabet Inc's Google, Microsoft and Amazon.com Inc. ... Read More on Datafloq

By Nandita Bose WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Amazon.com relies on extensive worker surveillance to boost employee output and potentially limit unionization efforts around the United States, says a research paper issued on Monday by the Open Markets Institute. The Washington-based research and advocacy group, focused on antitrust and monopoly power of technology companies, said Amazon uses such tools as navigation software, item scanners, wristbands, thermal cameras, security cameras and recorded footage to surveil its workforce in warehouses and stores. The paper says Amazon moves employees around in what could be an attempt to limit union organizing. For example, it creates heat maps and uses data such as team-member sentiment and a diversity index to figure out which of its stores may have a higher risk of unionizing, the report says. This can have an ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Facebook Inc said on Monday it is partnering with external researchers to examine the impact of the social media site on society during the 2020 U.S. presidential election. The company said findings of the studies will not be published until the middle of next year, at the earliest. (https://bit.ly/2ELBJMq) The initiative expands on its Social Science One project with academics who study political impacts of social media. A group of 17 independent researchers from the fields of elections, democracy and social media will now work with internal Facebook data scientists to design the studies. The company expects between 200,000 and 400,000 users to opt into the project, which will log what they see and how they behave on Facebook and Instagram. ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Shares of TikTok U.S. suitors Microsoft Corp, Oracle Corp and Walmart Inc fell on Monday after China's move to restrict some technology exports spurred worries Beijing might block any deal for the video app's U.S. assets. China's new rules around tech exports mean ByteDance's sale of TikTok U.S. operations could need approval from Beijing, a Chinese trade expert told state media on Sunday, a requirement that would complicate the forced and politically charged divestment. Shares of Walmart, Microsoft and Oracle fell between 1% and 2.5% in morning trading. All three pared some premarket losses after CNBC reported earlier in the day that TikTok has chosen a bidder and a deal could be announced as early as Tuesday. (https://cnb.cx/3gJkLeN) TikTok leadership said in a memo to employees earlier last week that the company ... Read More on Datafloq

By Raphael Satter and Chris Kahn WASHINGTON/ NEW YORK (Reuters) - Forty percent of Americans back President Donald Trump's threat to ban videosharing app TikTok if it is not sold to a U.S. buyer, according to a Reuters/Ipsos national poll, suggesting that many support the effort to separate the social media upstart from its Chinese parent. The poll published Monday, which surveyed 1,349 adult respondents across the United States, found that 40% backed Trump's recent executive order forcing China's ByteDance to sell its TikTok operations in the United States by Sept. 15. Thirty percent of the respondents said they opposed the move, while another 30% said they didn't know either way. The responses were largely split along party lines, and many of those who agreed with Trump's order said they do not know much about TikTok. Among Republicans, for example, 69% said they supported the president's order ... Read More on Datafloq

COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - Danish tax authorities have initiated a review of Google's accounts in Denmark to determine whether the tech giant has any outstanding tax obligation, the company said on Monday. Google's Danish unit, Google Denmark Aps, said in its financial report for 2019 that tax authorities had "commenced a review of the open tax years concerning the company's tax position". The Danish tax authority declined to comment on the review. Denmark's Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen is one of several European leaders who have advocated for multi-national tech companies to pay more tax in countries where they operate. Google, owned by parent firm Alphabet Inc, employs more than 100 people in Denmark and earned revenue of 284 million Danish crowns ($45.4 million) there last year. It said in the financial statement it had not made any provisions for the tax review. ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - The high-flying shares of Apple Inc and Tesla Inc gained more ground on Monday, ahead of their first official trading following a split into smaller portions that makes it easier for retail investors to own the shares. It will be Apple's latest stock split since a 7-for-1 move in 2014 and its fifth since going public in 1980. Splitting stocks is a way for companies to make it less expensive to buy individual shares although moves by some retail brokerages to offer slices or fractions of shares to smaller investors has made the impact increasingly marginal. Shares of the Cupertino-California-based company, which have rallied nearly 30% since it announced its surprise 4-for-1 stock split and blockbuster quarterly results on July 30, were priced at $126.56, up 1.4% when compared to Friday's split-adjusted close, in pre-market trade. ... Read More on Datafloq

New product development is a misleading term. Despite having the word “development” in it, NPD is a multifaceted process with many stages. Essentially, it starts with recognizing an opportunity and ends with delivering a product to the market, so the key steps commonly include:Outlining the strategyGenerating ideasFleshing out the conceptGathering business intelligenceDeveloping the productTesting and refinementAs you can see, the actual development is only a fraction of what you’ll need to do. So, full cycle product development companies are increasingly relying on the study of customer expectations and communicating these expectations to all the involved teams. Fortunately, once established, the customer-centric culture can yield many long-term benefits to business operations.What Makes a Successful NPD?Because of its complexity and the number of people involved, NPD needs to be strategically aligned to achieve success. First, it should be systematic, in that the flow of ideas should

By Leika Kihara and Takahiko Wada TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan will likely see more financial tie-ups that extend beyond traditional boundaries similar to those signed between internet banking giant SBI Holdings Inc and regional banks, the country's senior financial regulator said. Advances in financial technology could trigger structural changes in Japan's banking industry by breaking barriers between lending and other services, said Teruhisa Kurita, who oversees bank supervision at the Financial Services Agency (FSA). "We'll likely see more such cases as industry boundaries start to disappear," Kurita said of SBI's string of tie-ups with regional banks. "There could be combinations we never thought about," he told Reuters on Friday. Years of ultra-low interest rates and a dwindling local population have hurt profits of regional banks, prodding some to consolidate or sign business tie-ups with ... Read More on Datafloq

By Sam Nussey TOKYO (Reuters) - Shares in wireless carrier SoftBank Corp <9434.T> fell 3% on Monday after parent SoftBank Group Corp <9984.T> said it would sell up to 22% of the telco's shares, which could slash its holding in the carrier to 40%. SoftBank Group's shares were up almost 5% as a series of massive asset sales and share buybacks fuel its climb from March lows. SoftBank Corp's shares were trading at 1,385 yen in Monday morning trade - below its December 2018 IPO price of 1,500 yen, as its CEO Ken Miyauchi struggles to excite investors about the long-term growth prospects for Japan's third-biggest carrier. SoftBank Group "is manifesting a very disciplined approach to managing its balance sheet (in a welcome change) but does not bode so well for (SoftBank ... Read More on Datafloq

By Naomi Tajitsu and Makiko Yamazaki TOKYO (Reuters) - At a factory south of Japan's Toyota City, robots have started sharing the work of quality-control inspectors, as the pandemic accelerates a shift from Toyota's vaunted "go and see" system which helped revolutionise mass production in the 20th century. Inside the auto-parts plant of Musashi Seimitsu Industry Co Ltd <7220.T>, a robotic arm picks up and spins a bevel gear, scanning its teeth against a light in search of surface flaws. The inspection takes about two seconds - similar to that of highly trained employees who check around 1,000 units per shift. "Inspecting 1,000 of the exact same thing day-in day-out requires a lot of skill and expertise, but it's not very creative," Chief Executive Hiroshi Otsuka told Reuters. "We'd like to release workers from those tasks." ... Read More on Datafloq

Industry analysts agree that artificial intelligence and big data have had a profound effect on the global financial industry. The financial analytics market is projected to reach $11.4 billion within the next three years. This statistic has been cited numerous times since it was first published by MarketsandMarkets. As compelling as this statistic is, it glosses over many of the nuances pertaining to data analytics and artificial intelligence in the financial sector. One discussion that warrants more attention is the growing relevance of deep learning in the currency markets of emerging economies. Deep Learning Shows Promise for Emerging EconomiesA 2017 study published by the Termopil National Economic University in Termopil, Ukraine focused on this emerging topic. The study, titled Deep Learning for Predictions in Emerging Currency Markets talked about the role of artificial intelligence algorithms in currency markets in Africa, Eastern Asia, South America, the Middle East and remote

(Reuters) - Chinese telecoms equipment maker Huawei Technologies Co Ltd is focusing on its budding cloud business, which still has access to U.S. chips despite sanctions against the company, to secure its survival, the Financial Times newspaper reported. Huawei's cloud computing business sells computing power and storage to companies, including giving them access to artificial intelligence, and has been growing rapidly, the newspaper reported on Sunday, citing sources. In January, Huawei put the unit on an equal footing with its smartphones and telecoms equipment businesses, the FT reported https://on.ft.com/3hHJC3Y. The unit was stepping up its offerings and Beijing will increasingly support the company through public cloud contracts, according to the report. The administration of U.S. President Donald Trump has restricted technology exports to Chinese companies in particular, notably Huawei, citing national security risks. ... Read More on Datafloq

BEIJING/SHANGHAI (Reuters) - China's new rules around tech exports mean ByteDance's sale of TikTok's U.S. operations could need Beijing's approval, a Chinese trade expert told state media, a requirement that would complicate the forced and politically charged divestment. ByteDance has been ordered by President Donald Trump to divest short video app TikTok - which is challenging the order - in the United States amid security concerns over the personal data it handles. Microsoft Corp <MSFT.O> and Oracle Corp <ORCL.N> are among the suitors for the assets, which also includes TikTok's Canada, New Zealand and Australia operations. However, China late on Friday revised a list of technologies that are banned or restricted for export for the first time in 12 years and Cui Fan, a professor of international trade at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said the changes would apply to TikTok. ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Social media companies Facebook Inc and Twitter Inc have announced crackdowns on content linked with the unfounded and sprawling conspiracy theory QAnon. WHAT IS QANON? QAnon followers espouse an intertwined series of beliefs, based on anonymous web postings from "Q," who claims to have insider knowledge of the Trump administration. A core tenet of the conspiracy theory is that U.S. President Donald Trump is secretly fighting a cabal of child-sex predators that includes prominent Democrats, Hollywood elites and "deep state" allies. QAnon, which borrows some elements from the bogus "pizzagate" theory about a pedophile ring run out of a Washington restaurant, has become a "big tent" conspiracy theory encompassing misinformation about topics ranging from alien landings to vaccine safety. ... Read More on Datafloq

By Melissa Fares NEW YORK (Reuters) - Walmart Inc <WMT.N> could turn into an online advertising leader if its plan to acquire popular short-form video app TikTok goes through, analysts said on Friday. The proposed purchase, in partnership with Microsoft Corp <MSFT.O>, would allow the world's largest retailer to quickly compete with Amazon.com Inc <AMZN.O>, Facebook Inc <FB.O> and Alphabet Inc's Google <GOOGL.O> for eyeballs on social media, reaching customers across virtual and physical sales channels. TikTok is up for sale as the Chinese-owned company is under fire from the Trump administration as a potential national security risk due to the vast amount of private data the app is compiling on U.S. consumers. Walmart, which pitched its ad business to large consumer goods companies and advertising firms for the first time last year, said ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Facebook Inc Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg took responsibility and faulted his company for not removing the page and event for a militia group before two people were killed at a protest in Kenosha, saying it was "largely an operational mistake". The page and event listing violated Facebook's policies and should have been removed after numerous complaints were received about the group's violent nature, Zuckerberg said in a video to employees that he posted publicly on his Facebook profile. The social media company removed the page for 'Kenosha Guard', and an event listing for 'Armed Citizens to Protect Our Lives and Property' a day after the shooting on Tuesday. Two people were killed during protests in Kenosha that broke out in response to the police shooting of a Black man earlier this week. "The contractors ... Read More on Datafloq

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Investment firm Centricus Asset Management Ltd and social media app Triller Inc have not submitted an offer for the TikTok assets that China's ByteDance is seeking to a divest, a spokesman for the short video app said on Friday. Bloomberg News reported earlier on Friday, citing a person familiar with the matter, that Centricus, which is seeking to partner with Triller and other investors, submitted a $20 billion bid to ByteDance for TikTok's assets in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and India. The TikTok spokesman said Centricus and Triller had not contacted the company about an offer. Centricus and Triller could not be immediately reached for comment. ByteDance has been ordered by President Donald Trump to divest TikTok in the United States, amid security concerns over the personal data it handles. Microsoft Corp and Oracle Corp are among the U.S. companies ... Read More on Datafloq

By Stephen Nellis (Reuters) - Apple Inc said on Friday it had terminated "Fortnite" creator Epic Games' account on its App Store amid a legal battle over the iPhone maker's in-app payment guidelines and accusations they constitute a monopoly. Apple said its move will not affect Epic Games' Unreal Engine, a software tool relied on by hundreds of other app makers. But the move means iPhone users will not be able to download "Fortnite" or other Epic titles through the Apple App Store. Players who have already downloaded Epic's games will still be able to play but will no longer be able to make in-app purchases with Apple's payment system. On Monday, a federal court ruled that Apple could block Epic's titles from its store but could not take action that would harm Unreal Engine while Epic's antitrust lawsuit against the iPhone maker plays out. ... Read More on Datafloq

By Tina Bellon (Reuters) - Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk's neuroscience startup Neuralink on Friday is expected to detail its latest innovations for implanting minuscule computer chips in human brains, fueling expectations among scientists who closely watch the company. Co-founded by Musk in 2016, Neuralink aims to implant wireless brain-computer interfaces that include thousands of electrodes in the most complex human organ to help cure neurological conditions like Alzheimer's, dementia and spinal cord injuries and ultimately fuse humanity with artificial intelligence. The company said it will provide an update on its work during a live webcast late on Friday afternoon, with Musk tweeting that the presentation will include a "working Neuralink device." Musk, who frequently warns about the risks of artificial intelligence, is no stranger to revolutionizing industries as chief executive of electric vehicle company ... Read More on Datafloq

PARIS (Reuters) - President Emmanuel Macron said on Friday France was not excluding any company including China's Huawei from its next-generation 5G mobile market but that his strategy was one based on European sovereignty. Macron said Europe had two leading suppliers, Ericsson and Nokia, who offered Europe a "genuine industrial solution, fully secured". Macron, speaking at a news conference, said he had told Chinese President Xi Jinping: "You would do the same as me back home". Three sources told Reuters last month that French authorities have told telecoms operators planning to buy Huawei 5G equipment that they will not be able to renew licences for the gear once they expire, effectively phasing the Chinese firm out of mobile networks. ... Read More on Datafloq

By Uday Sampath Kumar (Reuters) - Wall Street was swift to see the rationale behind Walmart Inc jumping into the fray to buy TikTok - access to millions of young, digitally savvy users who could help the 60-year-old company boost its online sales. The retailer revealed plans to join Microsoft Corp in a bid for the social media firm's U.S. assets on Thursday, hours after the video company's chief executive said he would step down. Analysts said Walmart picking up a stake in the short-form video app, which is owned by China's ByteDance and claims to have about 100 million active monthly users in the United States, could be a game changer for the world's largest retailer. "Connecting with a younger audience is vital to Walmart's long-term outlook, especially as more digitally native generations ... Read More on Datafloq

(Reuters) - Silicon Valley entrepreneur Elon Musk's net worth topped $100 billion on Friday, according to the Forbes real-time billionaires list, as the shares of electric-car maker Tesla Inc <TSLA.O> see a more than five-fold surge in value this year. A large chunk of his wealth comes from the 21% stake in Tesla, according to Forbes. Tesla shares, which went public at $17 a piece in 2010, rose as much as 3.5% in morning trade to a record high of $2,318.49. The company became the world's most valuable carmaker by market capitalization on July 1 when it overtook front runner Toyota Motor Corp <7203.T> and has over the last 10 years made many of its retail investors millionaires. Musk is now part of an elite club of just four others with twelve digit net worth. His nearly $100 billion, however, is just about half the net ... Read More on Datafloq

By Sam Nussey TOKYO (Reuters) - SoftBank Group Corp <9984.T> said on Friday it planned to slash its exposure to wireless carrier SoftBank Corp <9434.T> in a share sale worth 1.47 trillion yen ($13.8 billion) at Friday's close, marking an expansion of the conglomerate's asset sales. The sale will see SoftBank's stake fall to 40.4% from 62.1%. The offer price for the 1.03 billion shares, including an over-allotment, will be set Sept. 14-16. SoftBank Group Chief Executive Masayoshi Son has been selling down the group's core assets to stabilise its balance sheet and fund a record share buyback amid the coronavirus outbreak. The announcement marks the expansion of stake sales beyond the 4.5 trillion yen asset sale plan announced in March. One-off gains from the sales boosted the group's earnings in the April-June quarter. ... Read More on Datafloq

BERLIN (Reuters) - German Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters on Friday it had to be clarified what happened to payments company Wirecard <WDIG.DE> which collapsed amid an accounting scandal. (Reporting by Berlin bureau; Writing by Madeline Chambers; Editing by Riham Alkousaa) ... Read More on Datafloq

By Nick Carey and Jeffrey Dastin (Reuters) - Amazon.com Inc <AMZN.O> said on Friday it had ordered 1,800 electric vans from Mercedes-Benz for its European delivery fleet, as part of the online retailer's plans to run a carbon neutral business by 2040. A majority of the electric vehicles from Daimler AG's <DAIGn.DE> car and vans division will go into service this year, the company said, adding that it had ordered 1,200 of Mercedes-Benz's larger eSprinter models and 600 of the midsize eVitos. The order is the largest for Mercedes-Benz's electric vehicles to date and includes 800 vans for Germany and 500 for the United Kingdom. It is dwarfed, however, by Amazon's recent order for 100,000 electric delivery vans from Rivian Automotive LLC, a startup it has invested in. ... Read More on Datafloq

By John McCrank NEW YORK (Reuters) - Shares of Apple Inc <AAPL.O> and Tesla Inc <TSLA.O> will be less costly on Monday as pre-announced stock splits take effect, in theory making them more accessible to retail investors, but as more brokers offer fractional shares, some in the market question the need. Investors cheered the Apple and Tesla announcements, helping extend a rally in the companies' shares, which along with many other technology firms, have soared in value as the market emerged from its pandemic-induced depths in March. That made owning a piece of these companies seem out of reach of many Main Street investors. Apple closed at over $500 a share on Thursday, while Tesla continued its meteoric rise on Thursday to above $2,200 a share. Both Apple and Tesla said their actions, a ... Read More on Datafloq

By Rollo Ross LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - In a luxury mansion in the Hollywood Hills, young TikTok influencers bounced around on a bright sunny morning this week trying out new ideas for zany short form videos that they hope will go viral. They're also feeling concerned about their future. Kids Next Door LA is one of a number of TikTok houses set up around the U.S. where teens live, sleep and brainstorm creative ideas for dance and music videos and seek deals with brands that can bring in millions of dollars for the top influencers. But their livelihoods are now at risk from an executive order by U.S. President Donald Trump that will effectively ban the social media app if its Chinese parent ByteDance does not reach a deal to divest it by mid-September. ... Read More on Datafloq

By John P. Desmond, AI Trends Editor     The pandemic is opening up opportunities for robots in the restaurant business as kitchens look for ways to distance employees and customers.    White Castle, the regional hamburger restaurant chain, is testing a robot arm from  Miso Robotics , for cooking french fries and other food, according to an account in the  Associated Press.  The two companies had been in discussions for about a year; talks picked up when the coronavirus hit. One potential benefit is the robot can free up time for human staff to handle increasing delivery orders.    Vipin Jain, co-founder and CEO, Blended Robot use by the restaurant industry is expected to pick up. “ I expect in the next two years you will see pretty significant robotic adoption in the food space because of C ovid ,” stated Vipin Jain, the co-founder and CEO of  Blendid , a Silicon Valley startup.   Blendid ’s   robot kiosk makes fresh smoothies  according to a recipe c ustomers tweak  from thei

By AI Trends Staff   Data scientists have joined the battle to eliminate or at least identify the bias in datasets used to train AI programs.   The work is not easy. One person making the effort to address it is Benjamin Cox of H2O.ai, a firm dedicated to what it calls “responsible AI,” a blend of ethical AI, explainable AI, secure AI, and human-centered machine learning. With a background in data science and experience at Ernst & Young, Nike, and Citigroup, Cox is now a product marketing manager at H2O.     Benjamin Cox, Director of Product Marketing, H2O.ai “I became deeply passionate about the field of responsible AI after years working in data science and realizing there was a considerable amount of work that needed to be done to prevent machine learning from perpetuating and driving systemic and economic inequality in the future,” Cox said in a recent interview in SearchEnterpriseAI .  “In a perfect world, instead of allowing algorithms to perpetuate historical human b

By AI Trends Staff     Organizations need to transition from opportunistic and tactical decision-making around AI to a more strategic focus, suggest leading business managers.   Two authors of a recent article in the  MIT Sloan Management Review  suggest the path to strategic AI for business can rest on three pillars. Amit Joshi is a professor of AI, analytics, and marketing strategy at IMD Business School in Switzerland, who works with companies in telecom, financial services, pharma, and manufacturing. Michael Wade is a professor of innovation and strategy at IMD Business School in Switzerland. His most recent book is “Orchestrating Transformation” from DBT Center Press, 2019.   The three pillars of strategic AI for business the authors suggest are:     A robust and reliable technology infrastructure;    New business models intended to bring the largest AI benefits; and   Ethical AI   Technology Infrastructure   AI relies on mathematical, statistical, and computer science

By Dawn Fitzgerald, the AI Executive Leadership Insider    ( “AI Holistic Adoption for Manufacturing and Operations” is a four-part series which focuses on the executive leadership perspective including key execution topics required for the enterprise digital transformation journey and holistic adoption of AI for manufacturing and operations organizations. Planned topics include: Value, Program, Data and Ethics. Here we address the Program.)   The Executive Leadership Perspective    The first article of this series described the fundamental responsibility of executive leaders to focus the enterprise  Digital Transformation and AI Adoption on Value . AI Holistic Adoption drives the value focus and is the combination of addressing the needs of the people, processes, and tools associated with the AI solution. This is a critical perspective shift from the comfort of data science to the applicability of true customer engagement.     Once the executive leader has truly anchored their vi

By Lance Eliot, the AI Trends Insider     Strong versus weak AI. Or, if you prefer, you can state it as weak versus strong AI (it’s Okay to be listed in either order, yet still has the same spice, as it were).  If you’ve read much about AI in the popular press, the odds are that you’ve seen references to so-called strong AI and so-called weak AI, and yet both of those phrases are used wrongly and offer misleading and confounding impressions.   Time to set the record straight.   First, let’s consider what is being incorrectly stated.  Some speak of weak AI as though it is AI that is wimpy and not up to the same capabilities as strong AI, including that weak AI is decidedly slower, or much less optimized, or otherwise inevitably and unarguably feebler in its AI capacities.   No, that’s not it.   Another form of distortion is to use “narrow” AI, which generally refers to AI that will only work in a narrowly-defined domain such as in a specific medical use or in a particular financia